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ONE QUESTION. YOUR REASONING.

Design an over-the-air update system

Design an over-the-air update system: a car company sends new software to its whole fleet, and each car downloads it over patchy cellular links and installs it safely.

System designInfrastructure and platformMid-levelSenior

YOUR BRIEF

What to work through

Work through an over-the-air update system as a spoken system design interview. Start by clarifying the scope, sketch a working design and explain the trade-offs behind your choices.

  • Publish a new software version and choose which cars get it
  • Roll it out in stages, and pause or stop a rollout
  • Cars download the update in the background and resume after a dropped link
  • Cars check the update is genuine before installing, and fall back to the old version if it fails
  • Report each car’s version and update state

BEFORE YOU START

Constraints to discuss

  • An update never leaves a car unable to start
  • Only software signed by the company installs
  • A dropped link costs one byte range, about 1 MB, not the whole download
  • Installs never interrupt a driver
  • Send as few bytes as possible over metered cellular links
Need a starting point?

Watch for these common gaps as you prepare:

  • Sending a release to the whole fleet at once
  • Restarting a dropped download from the first byte
  • Installing over the running system with no copy to fall back to
  • Trusting the encrypted connection alone instead of signed metadata checked on the car
  • Counting a finished download as success instead of a confirmed boot
Read: System design questions and who asks them

Why this question is in the collection

These sources connect the problem to company interview reports or preparation guides. They do not guarantee what a company will ask you.

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01

Pick a question

Read the brief and choose what you want to work on.

02

Talk it through

Explain your thinking. Respond to follow-ups. Draw when a design needs it.

03

Find your next improvement

Use the feedback from your interview to decide what to practise next.